ASTM A213 TP321H Heat Resistant Stainless Steel Seamless Tube

Grades: Type 304 | Type 304L | Type 304H | Type 316 | Type 316L | Type 316H | Type 317L | Type 321 | Type 347 | Type 410 | Type 904L | UNS 32750 Duplex |

321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Type 321 is a standard austenitic 18/8 chromium nickel alloy with the addition of Titanium making it an excellent choice in elevated temperature environments. The titanium stabilises the material removing its susceptibility to the effects of intergranular corrosion. 321 is therefore the stainless steel material of choice for applications in working environments up to 9000 C. A drawback of Type 321 is that the titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so it is not recommended as a welding consumable. In such instances, 347 is the preferred choice as the Niobium performs the same function as Titanium but can be still transferred across a high temperature arc. Type 347 is therefore the consumable of choice for welding Grade 321.   The steel has excellent forming and welding qualities and excellent toughness even at cryogenic temperatures. If you are looking for a stainless steel to provide resistance to intergranular corrosion, 304L is the normal choice as it is a more commonly used and supplied steel. However, 321 is a much better option in operating temperature environments in excess of 5000 C and therefore have its own merits. Note that Type 321 does not polish well so it is not practical to use this material as cosmetic architectural feature. Product Range Specifications: ASTM A/ASME SA213/A249/A269/A312/A358 CL. I to V ASTM A789/A790 Sizes (Seamless): 1/2" NB - 24" NB Sizes (ERW): 1/2" NB - 24" NB Sizes (EFW): 6" NB - 100" NB Wall Thickness available: Schedule 5S - Schedule XXS (heavier on request) Other Materials Testing: NACE MR0175, H2 SERVICE, OXYGEN SERVICE, CRYO SERVICE, etc. Dimensions: All Pipes is manufactured and inspected/tested to the relevant standards including ASTM, ASME and API etc. Background of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Grades 321 and 347 are the basic austenitic 18/8 steel (Grade 304) stabilized by Titanium (321) or Niobium (347) additions. These grades are used because they are not sensitive to intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425-8500C. Grade 321 is the grade of choice for applications in the temperature range of up to about 9000C, combining high strength, resistance to scaling and phase stability with resistance to subsequent aqueous corrosion. Grade 321H is a modification of 321 with a higher carbon content, to provide improved high temperature strength. A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred - the niobium performs the same carbide stabilization task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is therefore the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade 347 is only occasionally used as parent plate material. Like other austenitic grades, 321 and 347 have excellent forming and welding characteristics, are readily brake or roll formed and have outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required. They also have excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures. Grade 321 does not polish well, so is not recommended for decorative applications. Grade 304L is more readily available in most product forms, and so is generally used in preference to 321 if the requirement is simply for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. However 304L has lower hot strength than 321 and so is not the best choice if the requirement is resistance to an operating environment over about 5000C. Composition of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Typical compositional ranges for grade 321 stainless steels are given in table 1. Table 1. Composition ranges for 321 grade stainless steel Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N Other 321 min. max - 0.08 2.00 0.75 0.045 0.030 17.0 19.0 - 9.0 12.0 0.10 Ti=5(C+N) 0.70 321H min. max 0.04 0.10 2.00 0.75 0.045 0.030 17.0 19.0 - 9.0 12.0 - Ti=4(C+N) 0.70 347 min. max 0.08 2.00 0.75 0.045 0.030 17.0 19.0 - 9.0 13.0 - Nb=10(C+N) 1.0 Mechanical Properties of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Typical mechanical properties for grade 321 stainless steels are given in table 2. Table 2. Mechanical properties of 321 grade stainless steel Grade Tensile Strength (MPa) min Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min Elongation (% in 50mm) min Hardness Rockwell B (HR B) max Brinell (HB) max 321 515 205 40 95 217 321H 515 205 40 95 217 347 515 205 40 92 201 321H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.   Physical Properties of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Typical physical properties for annealed grade 321 stainless steels are given in table 3. Table 3. Physical properties of 321 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition Grade Density (kg/m3) Elastic Modulus (GPa) Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (m/m/0C) Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) Specific Heat 0-1000C (J/kg.K) Electrical Resistivity (n.m) 0-1000C 0-3150C 0-5380C at 1000C at 5000C 321 8027 193 16.6 17.2 18.6 16.1 22.2 500 720 Grade Specification Comparison of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Approximate grade comparisons for 321 stainless steels are given in table 4. Table 4. Grade specifications for 321 grade stainless steel Grade UNS No Old British Euronorm Swedish SS Japanese JIS BS En No Name 321 S32100 321S31 58B, 58C 1.4541 X6CrNiTi18-10 2337 SUS 321 321H S32109 321S51 - 1.4878 X10CrNiTi18-10 - SUS 321H 347 S34700 347S31 58G 1.4550 X6CrNiNb18-10 2338 SUS 347 These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted. Corrosion Resistance of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Equivalent to Grade 304 in the annealed condition and superior if a weldment in these grades has not been post-weld annealed or if the application involves service in the 425-9000C range. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 600C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 200mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 150mg/L at 600C. . Heat Treatment of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Solution Treatment (Annealing) - heat to 950-11200C and cool rapidly for maximum corrosion resistance. Stabilising - heat to 870-9000C for 1 hour per 25mm of thickness and air cool. Stabilisation is recommended for most severe service conditions (above 4250C) and particularly for material annealed at the upper side of the annealing temperature range. Stress Relief - Heat to 7000C for 1 to 2 hours and air cool. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.

321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Type 321 is a standard austenitic 18/8 chromium nickel alloy with the addition of Titanium making it an excellent choice in elevated temperature environments. The titanium stabilises the material removing its susceptibility to the effects of intergranular corrosion. 321 is therefore the stainless steel material of choice for applications in working environments up to 9000 C. A drawback of Type 321 is that the titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so it is not recommended as a welding consumable. In such instances, 347 is the preferred choice as the Niobium performs the same function as Titanium but can be still transferred across a high temperature arc. Type 347 is therefore the consumable of choice for welding Grade 321.

 

321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes

Type 321 is a standard austenitic 18/8 chromium nickel alloy with the addition of Titanium making it an excellent choice in elevated temperature environments.

The titanium stabilises the material removing its susceptibility to the effects of intergranular corrosion. 321 is therefore the stainless steel material of choice for applications in working environments up to 900⁰ C.

A drawback of Type 321 is that the titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so it is not recommended as a welding consumable.

In such instances, 347 is the preferred choice as the Niobium performs the same function as Titanium but can be still transferred across a high temperature arc. Type 347 is therefore the consumable of choice for welding Grade 321.

The steel has excellent forming and welding qualities and excellent toughness even at cryogenic temperatures. If you are looking for a stainless steel to provide resistance to intergranular corrosion, 304L is the normal choice as it is a more commonly used and supplied steel.

However, 321 is a much better option in operating temperature environments in excess of 500⁰ C and therefore have its own merits.

Note that Type 321 does not polish well so it is not practical to use this material as cosmetic architectural feature.

Product Range

Specifications: ASTM A/ASME SA213/A249/A269/A312/A358 CL. I to V ASTM A789/A790
Sizes (Seamless): 1/2" NB - 24" NB
Sizes (ERW): 1/2" NB - 24" NB
Sizes (EFW): 6" NB - 100" NB

Wall Thickness available:
Schedule 5S - Schedule XXS (heavier on request)

Other Materials Testing:

NACE MR0175, H2 SERVICE, OXYGEN SERVICE, CRYO SERVICE, etc.

Dimensions:

All Pipes is manufactured and inspected/tested to the relevant standards including ASTM, ASME and API etc.

Background of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes

Grades 321 and 347 are the basic austenitic 18/8 steel (Grade 304) stabilized by Titanium (321) or Niobium (347) additions. These grades are used because they are not sensitive to intergranular corrosion after heating within the carbide precipitation range of 425-850⁰C. Grade 321 is the grade of choice for applications in the temperature range of up to about 900⁰C, combining high strength, resistance to scaling and phase stability with resistance to subsequent aqueous corrosion.

Grade 321H is a modification of 321 with a higher carbon content, to provide improved high temperature strength.
A limitation with 321 is that titanium does not transfer well across a high temperature arc, so is not recommended as a welding consumable. In this case grade 347 is preferred - the niobium performs the same carbide stabilization task but can be transferred across a welding arc. Grade 347 is therefore the standard consumable for welding 321. Grade 347 is only occasionally used as parent plate material.

Like other austenitic grades, 321 and 347 have excellent forming and welding characteristics, are readily brake or roll formed and have outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required. They also have excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures. Grade 321 does not polish well, so is not recommended for decorative applications.

Grade 304L is more readily available in most product forms, and so is generally used in preference to 321 if the requirement is simply for resistance to intergranular corrosion after welding. However 304L has lower hot strength than 321 and so is not the best choice if the requirement is resistance to an operating environment over about 500⁰C.

Composition of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical compositional ranges for grade 321 stainless steels are given in table 1.

Table 1. Composition ranges for 321 grade stainless steel

Grade		C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cr	Mo	Ni	N	Other
321	min. max	- 0.08	2.00	0.75	0.045	0.030	17.0 19.0	-	9.0 12.0	0.10	Ti=5(C+N) 0.70
321H	min. max	0.04 0.10	2.00	0.75	0.045	0.030	17.0 19.0	-	9.0 12.0	-	Ti=4(C+N) 0.70
347	min. max	0.08	2.00	0.75	0.045	0.030	17.0 19.0	-	9.0 13.0	-	Nb=10(C+N) 1.0

Mechanical Properties of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical mechanical properties for grade 321 stainless steels are given in table 2.

Table 2. Mechanical properties of 321 grade stainless steel

Grade	Tensile Strength (MPa) min	Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min	Elongation (% in 50mm) min	Hardness
				Rockwell B (HR B) max	Brinell (HB) max
321	515	205	40	95	217
321H	515	205	40	95	217
347	515	205	40	92	201
321H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.

Physical Properties of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical physical properties for annealed grade 321 stainless steels are given in table 3.

Table 3. Physical properties of 321 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition

Grade	Density (kg/m3)	Elastic Modulus (GPa)	Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (m/m/0C)			Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K)		Specific Heat 0-1000C (J/kg.K)	Electrical Resistivity (n.m)
			0-1000C	0-3150C	0-5380C	at 1000C	at 5000C
321	8027	193	16.6	17.2	18.6	16.1	22.2	500	720

Grade Specification Comparison of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Approximate grade comparisons for 321 stainless steels are given in table 4.
Table 4. Grade specifications for 321 grade stainless steel

Grade	UNS No	Old British		Euronorm		Swedish SS	Japanese JIS
		BS	En	No	Name
321	S32100	321S31	58B, 58C	1.4541	X6CrNiTi18-10	2337	SUS 321
321H	S32109	321S51	-	1.4878	X10CrNiTi18-10	-	SUS 321H
347	S34700	347S31	58G	1.4550	X6CrNiNb18-10	2338	SUS 347
These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted.

Corrosion Resistance of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes

Equivalent to Grade 304 in the annealed condition and superior if a weldment in these grades has not been post-weld annealed or if the application involves service in the 425-900⁰C range. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 60⁰C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 200mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 150mg/L at 60⁰C.
.
Heat Treatment of 321 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes

Solution Treatment (Annealing) - heat to 950-1120⁰C and cool rapidly for maximum corrosion resistance.
Stabilising - heat to 870-900⁰C for 1 hour per 25mm of thickness and air cool. Stabilisation is recommended for most severe service conditions (above 425⁰C) and particularly for material annealed at the upper side of the annealing temperature range.

Stress Relief - Heat to 700⁰C for 1 to 2 hours and air cool. These grades cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.